Veterans Day, born as Armistice Day, reminds us of the debt that Americans owe to service members who have fallen in battle. There is a small and dwindling number of World War II combatants alive to receive our thanks, and there are none from earlier conflicts alive today. In 1944, our government saw fit to create an unprecedented mechanism for expressing our gratitude. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (P.L. 78-346), the GI Bill of Rights, had broader goals than any preceding laws concerning veteran benefits. It was designed to enable veterans to resume their lives as contributing citizens and to help them and their families thrive.
It began with educational benefits and housing assistance. It provided the equivalent of unemployment benefits during education and job searches, and it helped with many other obstacles to success after leaving the military. Some of early GI Bill programs proved ineffective, especially housing, but decades of amendments and related legislation followed to increase their impact. New legislation followed with similar goals and benefits, written to extend eligibility to survivors of subsequent military conflicts, including post-9/11 deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. Congressional Research Report R42785 (June 2024) documents the history of these laws.
The GI Bill’s education benefits made my family’s success easier, and the same is true for millions of other Baby Boomers. The same benefits and opportunities were denied to Black, Hispanic, Asian, and gay and lesbian veterans, and the unpaid debt to them has been compounding ever since. The lost education, income, housing assistance, and other benefits they earned have been passed on to their heirs, multiplying the injustice. There were many decisions that kept the benefits of the GI Bill and related laws from reaching all eligible veterans. This is not a suitable forum for presenting the whys and wherefores of these failures to ensure equal protection under law. Books such as “The Wounded Generation” and “When Affirmative Action Was White” tell the story in detail. Efforts to right these wrongs continue to the present. The “Sgt. Issac Woodard, Jr. and Sgt. Joseph H. Maddox G.I. Bill Restoration Act” was introduced in Congress four times between 2021 and 2025. None of these bills received committee consideration.
These injustices unfolded during my lifetime, so they are relevant to me in very personal ways. Wealth and health inequality are symptoms of the unpaid debt. Were those veterans who were denied benefits so different from my father? It weighs heavily on my conscience, and the misfortunes suffered by their families multiply the weight. In justifying these systemic failures, parallels have been drawn to proposals to pay reparations to enslaved people and their descendants. There are two critical differences. First, the GI Bill was a US law, and its intent was to help all eligible veterans become full participants in the land of opportunity. Second, these injustices were carried out by my parents’ generation in recent memory, not very long ago. They’re being perpetuated by my generation and my children’s. I am ashamed that the debt goes on unpaid, and I wonder why outrage has never grown stronger.
David E. Schindel
Hurlock

